THE SUMMARY OF 2014 BIOLOGY PRACTICALS SPECIMEN & EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SPECIMEN A: YOUNG MAIZE PLANT
+ SOIL REQUIREMENT: well drained loam and silt loam with fine tilth.
+ METHOD OF PROPAGATION: It is propagated by seed +planted manually, mechanically
+VARIETIES/TYPES: dent,flint,sweet,flour,pop corn
+CLIMATIC REQUIRMENT: (20degreec-30degreec)
+RAINFALL OF 760mm-1520mm per annum is used
SPECIMEN B: MALE FLOWERS OF MAIZE PLANT
+ It’s also called:”TASSEL”,is failrly compact and much branched. the main axis carries spikelets and these consist of one SESSILE and PEDICEL. each flower is composed of an oval,concave lemma enclosing a membranous palea with the three stamens and two lodicules. when the flower matures, the anthers are exposed. the anthers may be purple,pink or yellow.
SPECIMEN C: FEMALE FLOWERS OF MAIZE PLANT
+ It’s also known as the COB or EAR. Is has a modified lateral branch derived from an auxilliary bud of the main stem. the husk of the female inflorescence is formed from modified leaves and this gives protection to the flowers and the developing seeds. the ovary is surmounted by a long style, the silk of which emerges from the top of the husk. pollination is by means of wind and gravity,the grains are more pointed at the end where it is attached to the cob. they are made up of ovary, style and stigma.
SPECIMEN D: MAIZE GRAIN
+ BOTANICAL NAME: Zea Mays
+ AGRICULTURAL CLASSIFICATION:Cereals/Grains Crop
+ PEST THAT ATTACK IT: Maize weevils and borers
USES OF SPECIMEN D
+ It is used to feed Livestocks
+ It can be by man eaten when boiled.
+ It can be processed into Palp
+ It can be fried into pop-corn
+ It Can Be Planted again when dried.
WAYS OF CONTROLLING PEST THAT ATTACKS SPECIMEN D
+EXCLUSION METHOD/FUMIGANT
+IRRADATION
+CHEMICAL DUSTING/SEED DRESSING
+PHYSICAL CONTROL
+DEEP FREEZING/RE FREGRATION
DISADVANTAGES OF THE CONTROL MEASURE
+AIR POLLUTION
+FOOD POISONING
+REDUCE VIABILITY
DISEASES OF MAIZE
+MAIZE RUST
+LEAF BLITH
+MAIZE STREA
+MAIZE SMUT
+LEAF SPOT
CLASSIFICATION OF MAIZE PLANT
+KINGDON:PLANTAE
+PHYLUM:DIVISION(PLANT)
+ORDER:POALES
+FAMILY:POACEAE
+SUB FAMILY:PANI COIDEAE
+TRIBE:ANDROPOGONEAE
+GENUS:ZEA
+SPERMATOPHHYTA:ANGLOSPERM
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B&C
=> UNDER SPECIMEN B:
+IT HAS A MATURE MAIZE FLOWER CALLED (TASSEL)
+TASSEL IS FAIRLY COMPACT AND MUCH BRANCHED
+THE ANTHERS MAY BE PURPLE,PINK OR YELLOW
+MAIZE POLLEN(ANEMOPHILOUS) ARE DISPERSED BY WIND
=> UNDER SPECIMEN C:
+IT HAS A MATURE MAIZE FLOWER CALLED (EAR OR COB)
+IT COB HAS A MODIFIED LATERAL BRANCH
+THE EARS IN MAIZE FLOWER(WHITE,GREEN,RED AND YELLOW)
+POLLINATION IS BY MEANS OF WIND AND GRAVITY.
+MAIZE GRAIN: IS A MONOCOTYLEDONOUS AND ENDOSPERMIC SEED. IT IS TRIANGULAR IN SHAPE.
SPECIMMEN E: GUINEA RAT(FRESHLY WET PRESERVED)
CHARACTERISTICS OF MAMMALS:
+THEY ARE HOMOIOTHERMIC OR WARM BLOODED
+THEIR BODIES ARE COVERED WITH HAIRS
+THEY HAVE HETERODONT DENTITION
+THEIR INTERNAL CARVITY IS DIVIDED INTO CHE AND ABDOMEN BY A MUSCULAR DIAGHRAGM
+THEY HAVE LUNGS WHICH ARE USED FOR GASEOUS EXCHANGE
+THEY HAVE TWO PAIRS OF LIMBS
+THE SKIN CONTAINS GLANDS E.G (SWEAT,SEBAOEOUS AND MOMMARY GLANDS)
+PRODUCTION IS SEXUAL AND FERTILIZATION IS INTERNAL
+THEY HAVE VIVIPAROUS MODE OF REPRODUCTION
+THEY HAVE A FOUR-CHAMBERED HEART
+THEY HAVE EXTERNAL EARS CALLED PINNAE
LEVELS OF ORGANISATION OF LIFE
+FIRST LEVEL:CELLS
+SECOND LEVEL:TISSUE
+THIRD LEVEL:ORGANS
+FOURTH LEVEL:SYSTEM
THE CLASSIFICATION OF MAMMALS
+KINGDOM:ANIMALIA
+PHYLUM:CHORDATA
+CLASS:MAMMALIA
+ORDER:
SPECIMEN F(DOMESTIC FOWL)
+ SPACIMEN F (DOMESTIC FOWL)IS A POULTRY ANIMAL.
IN POULTRY MANAGEMENT:
WE HAVE:
+INTENSIVE SYSTEM
+SEMI-INTENSIVE
+EXTENSIVE SYSTEM
- FEEDING: THEY HAVE SIMPLE STOMACH WITHOUT TEETH,THEY FEED CONSTANTLY i.e EVERYTIME AND ANYTIME OF THE DAY. THEIR FEED MAY BE RICH IN PROTEIN,VITAMINS AND MINERAL SALTS. THERE MUST BE REGULAR SUPPLY OF CLEAN WATER
HYGIENE IN POULTRY
+ USE OF DISINFECTANT AND INSECT REPELL
+ BURN AND BURY DEAD BIRDS
+ REGULAR CLEANING OF THE FEEDING AND WATERING TROUGHS
+ REMOVE ALL WET LITTER FROM THE FLOOR
+ VACCINATE THE HEN AGAINST DISEASES LIKE- NEWCASTLE, FOWLBOX AND GUMBOX
+ PARASITES (BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MUST BE CONTROLLED
+ CONSULT VETENNARY EXPERT ON HYGIENE PROBLEM
SPECIMEN G: MUD WASP
CLASSIFICATION OF WASP
+KINGDOM:ANIMALIA
+PHYLUM:ARTHROPODA
+CLASS:INSECTA
+ORDER:HYMENOPTERA
+METAMORPHOSIS:COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
-WASP: IT IS A SOCIAL WINGED INSECT WHICH HAS A NARROW WAIST AND A STING-YELLOW AND BLACK STRIPES. THIS WASP GROUP IS NAMED FOR THE NESTS THAT ARE MADE FROM MUD COLLECTED BY THE FEMALES.
+FAMILY:SPHECIDAE
SPECIMEN L:(FRESHLY UPROOTED GRASS SPECIES)
-GRASSLAND IS A PLANT COMMUNITY IN WHICH GRASS SPECIES ARE DOMINANNT WITH SHORT BUT SCATTERED TREES AND SHRUBS
+KINGDOM:PLATAE
+SPERMATOPHYTA: ANGROSPERM
+MONOCOTYLEDON PLANT
+ORDER:POALES
+FAMILY:POACEAE
+THE GRASS FAMILY: (CEREAL GRAINS, CORN,SORGHUM,MILLETS,AND PASTURE GRASSES)
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN L
+ LEAF SHAPE,LEAF MARGINS AND VARIATION
+LEAF STRUCTURE (SIMPLE OR COMPOUND)
+FLOWER STRUCTURE, COLOUR AND SIZE
+INFLORESCENCE (ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWERS)
+ROOTS, RHIZOMES, AND OTHER UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE
+HABIT OF GROWTH (ERECT,PROSTRATE,CLIMBING)
DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE GRASSLAND
-ACACIA,
-ELEPHANT GRASS,
-GUINEA GRASS,
-SHEAR BUTTER
ADAPTIVE FEATURE OF PLANT IN THE GRASSLAND
-SPEAR GRASS HAS A RHIZOME WHICH HELPS THE PLANT TO WITHSTAND INTENSE HEAT
-ACACIA HAS LONG ROOTS TO SEARCH FOR WATER
-BAOBAB TREE HAS BROAD AND SUCCULENT STEM TO STORE EXCESS WATER
-ELEPHANT GRASS: IT HAS SUCCULENT STEM TO STORE EXCESS WATER AGAINST DRY SEASON
PALM: THIS PLANT HAS THICK BBARK WHICH PROTECT IT FROM BEING SEVERELLY BURNT
FOOD CHAIN IN A GRASSLAND HABITAT
GRASS—GRASSHOPPERS—LIZARDS—SNAKE
CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING GRASSLAND
+HIGH TEMPERATURE
+FERTILE SOIL
+LOW RELATIVE HUMILITY
+LIGHT INTENSITY
+MODERATE RAINFALL
SPECIMEN M:(FRESHLY KILLED GRASSHOPPER)
+PHYLUM:ARTHRODA
+CLASS:INSECTA
+ORDER:ORTHOPTERA
+METAMORPHOSIS:INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
+HABITAT:GRASSLAND/SAVANNAL FARMS
+KINGDOM:ANIMALIA
+SKELETON:EXOSKELETON(MADE OF CHIT)
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN(M)
+GENERALLY LARGE
+USUALLY HERBIVOROUS
+HING LEGS
+AUDITORY ORGANS
ECONOMICS IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN M
+SOURCES OF FOODS FOR MAN
+REDUCTION OF CROP YEILDS
+PEST OF PLANT/DESTRUCTION OF LEAVE
ADAPTIVE FEATURES OF SPECIMEN M
+COLOUR BLENDS WITH VEGETATION
+POWERFUL LIMBS FOR HOPPPING
+WINGS FOR FLYING
+CHEWING MOUTH PARTS
+HARDENED FOREWINGS
+COPOUND EYES FOR WIDER VISION
+SPIRACLES FOR GASEOUS EXCHANGE
SPECIMEN N: MUSHROOM
+KINGDOM:FUNGI
+PHYLUM:BASIDIOMYCOTA
+CLASS:HOMOBASIDIOMYCETAE
+ORDER:AGARICALES
+FAMILY:AMANIT
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN N
-THEY ARE SIMPLE MULTICELLULAR ORGANS ARE: FUNGI AND NON GREEN PLANTS AND EUCARYOLES
-THEY HAVE NO TRUE ROOTS, STEMS AND LEAVES
-THEY ARE MAINLY SAPROPHYTES WHILE OTHERS PARASITICS
-THE VEGETATIVE PLANT BODY IS MADE OF FINE AND DELICATE THREADS CALLED HYPH
-THEY REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY MEANS OF SPORES
-THEY ARE MAINLY FOUND IN MOIST ENVIRONMENT
-EXAMPLES ARE: RHIZOPUS, MUCOR
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L&N
=> UNDER SPECIMEN L:
-THE KINGDON HERE IS PLANTAE
-THEY ARE FOUND ON GRASSLAND
-THEY HAVE LEAF MARGINS
-THEY HAVE ROOT
-THEY HAVE THICK BARK STEM
-THEY HAVE INFLORESCENCE FLOWER
=> UNDER SPECIMEN N:
-THE KINGDOM HERE IS FUNGI
-THEY ARE FOUND ON DECAYED WOOD
-ABSENT OF LEAF AND MARGINS -NO TRUE ROOT
-THEY HAVE DELICATE THREADS
-THEY HAVE NO FLOWER
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN E & M
=> UNDER SPECIMEN E:
-THEY FALL INTO MAMMALIA AS THEIR CLASS
-USE OF LUNG FOR THEIR GASEOUS EXCHANGE
-NO WINGS FOR MOVEMENT
=> UNDER SPECIMEN M:
-INSECTA AS CLASS
-USE OF SPIRACLES FOR GASEOUS EXCHANGE
-PRESENT FOR MOVEMENT.
THE SUMMARY OF 2014 PHYSICS PRACTICALS SPECIMEN & EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
^ Means Raise To Power.
Eg: 2^4 Means 2 raise to power 4.
L^-2 means L raise to power -2(minus two)
-COMMA MEANS NEXT LINE.
Eg: x: 4,2,3,4,5 means that you draw a table, then under x, you will get 4, under 4 is 2, under 2 is 3, under 3 is 4 and so on.
QUESTION 1 Reading:
S/n: 1,2,3,4,5,6
L(cm): 150.0,120.0,100.0,80.0,60.0,40.0
t(sec): 4.800,4.100,3.300,2.600,1.900,1.200
t^-1(Sec^-1): 0.208,0.244,0.303,0.385,0.526,0.833
t^2(sec^2): 23.40,16.81,10.89,6.76,3.61,1.44
L/t^2(m/s^2): 6.510,7.139,9.183,11.83,16.6,27.7
Precautions:
- I ensured the experiment was not affected by air interference when determining the balance points
- I ensured the mass roll down freely as being influenced under gravity
- I ensured that the readings were taken without any error
FORCE OF GRAVITY: The total gravitational force which acts on a body and so enables it,in turn to exert an equal force on its support DISPLACEMENT: This Is defined as the distance moved in a specified direction
NEWTONIAN MECHANICS:
This is defined as the rate of change of distance moved with time in a specified direction or rate of change of displacement
UNIFORM VELOCITY: A body moved with uniform velocity if its rate of change of distance moved with time in a specified direction is constant
ACCELERATION: This is defined as the rate of change of velocity with time
INERTIA: The tendency of a body to remain at rest or if moving,to continue its motion in a straight line
UNIFORM ACCERATION: A body moved with uniform acceleration,if its rate of change of velocity with time in a specified direction is constant
DECCELERATION: A decreasing velocity or slowing down is usually called retardation.
QUESTION 2 Readings:
S/n: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
D: 100,90,80,70,60,50,40
D^2: 10000,8100,6400,4900,3600,2500,1600
X1: 80.60,70.20,59.10,47.80,29.00,20.35,9.16
X2: 18.30,19.00,20.00,22.00,7.60,4.50,1.02.
L (X1-X2): 62.20,51.20,39.10,24.70,21.40,15.85,8.14
PRECAUTIONS:
-i ensured parallax when reading the metre rule.
-i ensured that the intensity or source of light was maintained.
Expected Question: An illuminated object is placed on the axis of a converging lens and a magnified image is obtained on the screen. If the distance of the image from the lens is 45cm and the magnification is 2,cal the focal length of lens.
SOLUTION:
V=45.00cm
m=2 u=?
M=v/u=45/2
22.5cm
F=uv/v+u
22.5*45.00/22.5+45.00
=1012.5/67.5
=15cm
QUESTION 3 Readings:
S/n: 1,2,3,4,5
L1: 20,40,60,80,100
L2: 10,15,25,35,45
I1(A): 0.50,0.40,0.32,0.22,0.14
I2(A): 0.58,0.53,0.45,0.41,0.37
I1^-1: 0.20,2.50,3.13,4.55,7.143
I2^1: 1.724,1.890,2.22,2.44,2.70
PRECAUTIONS:
-I will ensure that the key is opened when no reading is taken to avoid battery wastage.
-I ensured tight connection
-I ensured error due to parallax when taking reading from the ameter
-i will ensure that the circuit element are tightly connected to ensure accurate result
WHAT NEED TO KNOW: -
Electromotive force is the potential difference between the terminals of a cell when no current is flowing in the circuit.
THE SUMMARY OF 2014 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS SPECIMEN & EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Volumetric Analysis
Plausible formulae to be used
CA=Concentration of an acid
CB=Concentration of a base
VA=volume of an acid
VB=volume of a base
na=number of mole of an acid
nb=number of mole of a base
CAVA/CBVB=na/nb
Mole=Given mass/molar mass
Mole=conc*volume/1000
Given mass/molar mass=conc*volume/1000
Conc in moldm^-3=Conc in gdm^-3/molar mass
% purity=pure/impure*100%
Titration Equation.
2HCL+Na2CO3——>2Nacl+H2O+CO2
Tabulate
Burrette Reading (cm^3)|1st titre|2nd titre|3rd titre
Final burette reading:23.20|33.10|43.10
Initial burette reading:0.00|10.00|20.00
Volume of acid used:23.20|23.10|23.10
Average titre value=23.10+23.10/2
=46.20/2
=23.10cm^3
VA=23.10cm^3.
Quantitative Analysis
Tabulate: Test| Observation| inference
(I)
-Under test: C+H20
-Under observation: Dissolves to give colourless solution
-Under inference: soluble salt
(II)
-under test:Divide into 2 portions solution C+dil HNO3+dil AgNO3+Excess
NH3(aq) solution
-under observation:white precipitate,white precipitate dissolves in
excess ammonia
-under inference:Cl^-1 is present,Cl^-1 is confirmed
(III)
-under test:Solution C+dil NaOH + Warm
-under observation:Colourless gas evolved with irritating smell,which
turns moist red litmus paper to blue and form a white dense fume with
conc HCL
-Under inference:NH3 gas from NH4+
(IV)
-under test:Sol C+ dil Bacl2
-under observation:white precipitate
-under inference:So4^2-,HCO3,CO3^2,SO3^2 are suspected
(V)
-under test:+dil hcl (excess)
-under observation:white precipitate dissolves
-under inference:SO4^2- is present
(VI)
-under test:sol c+NaOH in drop + in excess
-under observation:white precipitate,precipitate dissolves/soluble
-under inference:Ca^2+,Zn^2+,Al^3+,Pb^2,Zn^2+,Al^3+,Pb^2+ present
(VII)
-under test:sol c + NH3(aq)+in drop+in excess
-under observation:white ppt (precipitate),white precipitate dissolves
-under inference:Al^3+,Pb^2+,Zn^2+,Zn^2+ is present
Aliter
Cn=NH4cl and 2nSO4
Titration Equation
2HCl+Na2CO3——>2Nacl+H20+CO2(g)
na=2 mole
nb=1 mole
Volume of pipette=25cm^3
THE SUMMARY OF 2014 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE PRACTICALS SPECIMEN & EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIMEN
Specimen A. = Clay soil
Specimen B. = Sandy soil
Specimen C. = Millipede
Specimen D. = Cow dung
Specimen E = urea
Specimen F. = N.P.K 15,15,15
Specimen G. = Water
Specimen H. = Spears
Specimen I. = Sickles
specimen J = knapsack sprayer
Specimen K = wheel barrow
specimen. L = Tridax
specimen. M. = Carpet grass
Specimen. N. = Water leaf
Specimen. O. = Sugar cane
Specimen. P. = Sour dust
Specimen. Q. = Round worm
Specimen. R. = Bird
Specimen. S. = Liver of a ruminant animal
specimen. T. = Heart of a ruminant animal
Specimen A :- specimen A is a clay soil because it has all the
properties of a Clay in a sample of soil. PROPERTIES/CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIMEN A
1. It has sticky and mouldy particles when wet.
2. There particles are fone power and smooth when dry.
3. It support water logging.
4. It has high water holding capacity .
5. It is poorly aerated .
6. The particles are tightly bound together with little pure (air) 8
paces.
IMPORTANCE/USES OF SPECIMEN A
1. It is the best soil for establishment of fish ponds.
2. It is also used for moulding of mud pots.
3. It can also be used for other agribusiness activities such as forest
establishment .
4. It is also used for the building of houses.
NOTE:
1. Soil texture is the relative properties of sand,silt and clay
in the soil.
2. Soil structure is the percentage or proportion of different soil
seperated in a given soil sample .
SPECIMEN B
Specimen B is a sandy soil because it has the proportions of sand
particles .
PROPERTIES / XTERS OF SPECIMEN B
1. It is coarse granied and gritty .
2. It does not support water logging .
3. It is not sticky when wet.
4. It absorbs and loses water easily .
5. It contains low nutrients.
METHODS OF IMPROVING SPECIMEN B & A
1. By mulching
2. by planting of cover crops.
3. Avoid bush burning .
4. Application of manure .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN B
1. It is useful in building construction.
2. It is good for the cultivation of few crops such as
cassava,groundnut etc.
3. It is also use for the production of glasses and ceramics.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A & B.
1. They all have soil samples
2. They are used for agricultural purposes .
3. They all consists of soil micro organism.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A & B
Under specimen A
1. It support water logging .
2. It has highly water holding capacity .
3. It is poorly aerated
4. it does not support beaching .
5. It does not lose water easily .
Under specimen B
1. It does not support water logging .
2. It has low water holding capacity .
3. It is well aerated
4. it support beaching
5. it loses water easily .
DETERMINATION OF THE TEXT OF SPECIMEN A & B.
1. By feeling
2. moulding
3. sieving
4. hydrometer method
5. by sedimentation .
COMPONENTS OF SPECIMEN A & B
1. Air
2. Soil micro-organisms
3. water
4. Mineral salts
SPECIMEN C = MILLIPEDE
specimen C is millipede
xters/features of specimen C
1. Possession of body segments.
2. Possession OF jointed legs.
3. Presence of antenna
4. possession of stink gland spores .
*Kingdom of specimen C is Animelia .
*phylum of specimen C is Arthropida .
*class of specimen C is Insecta .
*family of specimen C is diplopoda .
ECONOMIC. IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN C
1. It reduces the market value of food crops such as yam .
2. It is medicinal in nature .
3. It mixed organic matters and the soil together .
4. It is also used for scientific research purposes.
SPECIMEN = D
specimen D is cow dung .
SOURCES OF SPECIMEN D
1. Cattle
2. goat
3. Sheep
4. Pig
5. Birds (fowl )
6. Rabbit
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN. D
1. It returns nutrients to the soil.
2. It also improves soil structure and texture .
3. It prevents soi erosion .
4. It encourages the activities of soil micro-organisms .
5. A source of income .
6. It has buffering effects on the soil.
NOTES:
1. The drugs from poultry is richer than all dungs from other
farm animals followed by the dungs from rabbit .
CHARACTERISTICS / FEATURES OF SPECIMEN D
1. It is a farm yard manure .
2. It consists of macro-nutrients such as nitrogen , phosphorus
,magnesium etc.
3. It is a by-product of farm animals .
4. It enriches the soil.
5. It consists of dead organic matters.
SPECIMEN E
Specimen E is urea fertilizer.
XTERS /FEATURES OF SPECIMEN E
1. It is a single fertilizer .
2. It is a chemical or inorganic fertilizer .
3. It consists of nitrogen .
4. Specimen E is a white crystalline substance with the chemical
formula Co(NH2)2
5. it is highly water soluble .
Other examples of single or straight fertilizers are:
1. Ammonia liquor
2. potassium nitrate
3. sodium nitrate
4. calcium ammonium nitrate
5. aluminum nitrate
6. ammonium sulphate
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN E
1. A source of income
2. It returns nutrients to the soil.
3. It also help to improve soil structure and texture .
4. It also help to improved soil micro-organisms.
SOURCES OF SPECIMEN E
1. From animals urine
2. from animals dungs
3. from ammonia compounds.
SPECIMEN F
specimen F is N.P.K 15,15,15.
XTERS / FEATURES OF SPECIMEN F.
1. It is a compound fertilizer .
2. It consists of nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium .
3. It is a chemical / inorganic fertilizer .
4. It is highly water soluble .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN. F.
1. It is poisonous when eaten.
2. It is a good source of income .
3. It improved the nutrient availability of the soil.
4. They increases soil pH .
5. Specimen F also help to increase crop yield .
Uses of specimen D,E and F in agriculture .
1. They improve the structure of the soil.
2. They also improve soil aeration .
3. They also help to increase the yield of crops .
4. They increase the fertility of the soil.
5. They also increase the activities Of soil organisms .
6. They also increase the growth Of planktons in the fish ponds.
METHODS OF APPLYING SPECIMEN D,E and F.
1. Top dressing
2. by row or side placement
3. by broadcasting
4. by ring method
5. by folial spray
OTHER FORMS OF N.P.K are :
1. N.P.K 20-5-10
2. N.P.K 5-10-5
3. N.P.K 10-2010
NOTES : 1. Specimen F has a ratio of 1:1:1 of
N,meaning equal amount of nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN D,E and F.
„1¤7 They are fertilizers.
„1¤7 They all improves soil fertility.
„1¤7 They consists of Nitrogen
Differences between specimen D and E.
under Specimen D
1. Specimen D is an animal dung .
2. It is obtained from animal feaces
under specimen E
1. Specimen E is urea fertilizer .
2. It is obtained from animal urine .
DIfference between specimen E and F
Under specimen E
1. Specimen E is a urea fertilizer .
2. It is a single fertilizer .
3. It is consists of mainly nitrogen .
under Specimen F
1. specimen F is N.P.K 15-15-15.
2. it is a compound fertilizer .
3. it is consists of nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium .
SPECIMEN G
Specimen G is water and It occupied about two-third of pures spaces.
IMPORTANCE/USES OF SPECIMEN G
1. It serves as food.
2. It is necessary for plant growth and government .
3. It help to sustains life.
4. It also aid for digestion of food substance .
5. It is also used in industries and domestic homes.
6. It also help in photosynthesis in green plants.
7. It also used for irrigation .
SOURCES OF SPECIMEN G
1. Rivers
2. Lakes
3. Ponds
4. Springs
5. Rainfall
6. wells
TYPES OF SOIL WATER
1. Gravitational water
2. surface water
3. Capillary water
4. hydroscopic water
SPECIMEN H
specimen H is shears which is similar in shape to a pair of scissors
but it is much larger than scissors .
USES OF SPECIMEN H
1. It is used for trimming hedges .
2. It is also used for pruning .
3. It can be used for cutting flowers
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN H
1. Store in a cool,dry place .
2. Sharpen the blades property.
3. Keep away from rain to prevent rusting .
4. Clean or wash after use.
XTERS OF SPECIMEN H
1. it has a scissors shape structure .
2. Possession of two short metal blades.
3. Possession of bolt and nut .
4. Possession of two wooden handles.
5. Possession of spring between the handles.
SPECIMEN I
Specimen I is a sickle with a curved blade fitted to a short handle .
Uses of specimen I
1. It is used cutting grass pasture for animals .
2. It is used for harvesting fruits and cereal crops .
3. It is also used for weeding .
MAINTENANCES OF SPECIMEN I
1. Sharpen the inner edge/blade regularly.
2. Store in a cool ,dry place .
3. Oil the metal parts before storage .
4. Keep away from rain to avoid rusting .
XTERS OF SPECIMEN I
1. Possession of curved blade
2. presence of short handle .
3. It consists of metal and wood.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN H AND I
1. Both consists of metals.
2. Both consists of woody handle .
3. They consists of sharp blade .
4. Both are farm tools .
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIMEN H AND I.
under specimen H
1. It is a shears.
2. Possession of pairs of metals.
3. It is a scissors shape in nature
4. it is used for pruning and trimming of plants.
Under specimen I
1. It is a sickle
2. possession of on metal .
3. It is sickle shape in nature
4. it is used for harvesting of fruits and cereals crops
SPECIMEN J
specimen J is a knapsack sprayer .
Other types of sprayers are :-
„1¤7 Tractor -mounted prayer
„1¤7 Helicopter mounted prayer
„1¤7 Hard gun sprayer
„1¤7 motorized sprayer .
USES/FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN J
1. It is used for irrigation
2. It is also used for spraying of liquid fertilizers and pesticides.
3. It is also used to control the growth of weeks through the use of
herbicides .
4. It is also used to control insects through the use of insecticides.
Xters OF specimen J
1. Possession of nozzle.
2. Possession of pump handle .
3. Possession of plastic container.
4. Possession. Of flexible pipe.
5. Presence of extension pipe .
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN J
1. Operate the specimen according to instructions given.
2. Rinse the specimen properly with water immediately after any use to get rid of left-over chemicals.
3. Turn the specimen upside-down after use or cleaning .
4. Clean the nozzle and rinse with water.
5. Store in a cool,dry place .
SPECIMEN K
Specimen K is a wheel-barrow with a large metal or wooden container
with one wheel at the front .
USES/FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN K
1. It is used for carrying farm inputs such as fertilizers etc.
2. It is also used to carry loads to the market .
3. It is also used for transplanting seedlings .
4. It is also used for carrying farm outputs such as harvested
crops,slaughter animals etc
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN K
1. Store in cool ,dry place .
2. Replace worn-out parts.
3. Paint the tool if necessary to avoid rusting .
4. Clean the tool after use.
5. Tighten bolts and nuts on wheels properly .
XTERS OF SPECIMEN K
1. Possession of one front wheel
2. possession of two handles.
3. It is used for carrying loads
4. possession of tyre .
OTHER FARM TOOLS THAT CAN PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION AS
SPECIMEN K ARE :-
1. Head pan
2. Bucket
3. Tractor-mounted container
4. container driven by work animals .
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN J AND K ARE :-
1. Both are used for carrying farm inputs ;such as fertilizers.
2. Both are land operators
3. Both consists of handle .
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN H,I,J AND K ARE :-
1. They have handle
2. they consists of metal parts.
3. They are hard operators.
4. They are farm tools .
SPECIMEN L
Specimen L is tridax which belong to the family of cypsels .
.Botanical/scientific name of specimen L = Tridax precumbem
. method of dispersal = by wind
. method of propagation = by seed (that is sexual propagation).
. Types of fruit of specimen L IS simple dry indehiscent fruit .
OTHER FRUITS THAT CAN BE DISPERSED BY WIND ARE:-
„1¤7 Obeche
„1¤7 emilia
„1¤7 euphatorium
„1¤7 goat weed
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN L
1. Possession of pappus .
2. Presence of hairly pericarp with seed.
3. It is dispersed by wind
4. the fruit has trianglar structure .
5. Possession of hard seed coat.
SPECIMEN M
- specimen M is a carpet grass.
- Botanical name/scientific name of specimen M is Axonopus Compressure .
- Method of dispersal of specimen M is by animals.
- Propagation of M is by vegetative parts (ASEXUAL PROPAGATION).
XTERS OF SPECIMEN M
1. Possession of roots
2. It is a creeping type of grass
3. It is a perennial plant
4. the stem have the tendency to root at the nodes.
5. Possession of nodes .
6. It is very aggressive and not nutritive .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN M.
1. it helps to check erosion .
2. It is also used for decoration of homes.
3. It is mainly planted in the football pitches.
4. It is a good source of income .
SPECIMEN N
Specimen N is water leaf plant .
„1¤7 Kingdom = plantea kingdom
„1¤7 Division = spermatophyts
„1¤7 class = Angiosperm
„1¤7 Botanical name/scientific name is Talinum Triangular .
XTERS/FEATURES /STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION OF SPECIMEN N.
1. Possession of tap root system
2. possession of succulent leaves .
3. Possession of root hairs .
4. Presence of stem
5. presence of nodes and inter-nodes .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN N
1. It serves as food .
2. A good source of income .
3. A good source of victims and minerals .
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN N AND O..
1. Both have nodes.
2. Both are green plants.
3. Both consists of stem and leaves .
4. Both produces flowers .
5. Both have succulent stem.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN N AND O
under Specimen N
1. Presence of tap root system .
2. Broad leaf tip.
3. Possession of petiole ..
4. It is a dicot .
Specimen O
1. Fabros root system present .
2. Pointed leaf tip.
3. Absence of people
4. It is . monocot .
SPECIMEN. P
Specimen p is a saw dust.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN P (EFFECTS OF P)
1. A good source of income
2. it is used in the poultry houses.
3. It is also used in some industries for making of books and other
materials .
4. It also perform the some function as fine wood.
5. It increases the nutrient contents of the soil when decayed .
6. Specimen P habour pesis and diseases.
7. It causes pollution is the environment.
XTERS/FEATURES OF SPECIMEN P
1. It consists of fine particles of wood dust.
2. It is light and can be carried by air.
3. Specimen P is mainly obtained from plants.
„1¤7 Sources of specimen P is all vascular plants .
SPECIMEN Q
Specimen Q is round worm with an elongated and cylindrical body .
XTERS/FEATURES OF SPECIMEN Q
1. It is elongated
2. specimen Q is cylindrical in nature.
3. Possession of two pointed end.
4. It is a hermaphrodite .
5. Possession of mouth and anus.
6. It is an endoparasite .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN Q
1. It causes indigestion and conscription.
2. The effects results in loss of appappetite ,weakness and may lead to
death .
3. It reduces the growth of host animal.
4. The effect may affect the respiratory organ of the host .
5. It reduces the blood of the host.
Animals affected by specimen Q are :-
1. Sheep
2. Man
3. Cattle
4. pig
5. Goat.
LIFE CYCLE OF SPECIMEN Q
(DRAWING )
CONTROL OF SPECIMEN Q
1. The pig should be dewormed with piperazine drugs.
2. Good sanitation OF environmen should be maintained
3. proper feeding of the farm animal.
4. Disinfectation of animal houses .
5. Proper rotational grazing .
. Kingdom of specimen Q is Animelis
.phylum. = Annalida
. Examples of specimen Q are :- Ascaris ,guinea worm etc
. Botanical/scientific name of ascaris is ASCARIS LUBRICOIDES .
Specimen R is a bird .
. Kingdom = Anemelia
. phylum = cordats
.sub-phylum = vertebrats
. Class = Aves
GENERAL XTERS OF SPECIMEN R
1. Possession of beak
2. Possession of feathers
3. possession of claws
4. possession of scales
5. Absence of teeth in their mouth .
6. Possession of A pair of walking legs.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN R
1. The feather of specimen R can be used for decoration.
2. It can also be used for making pillows.
3. Specimen R reduces the market value of food crops.
4. It is a disease vector .
5. A good source of food and meat.
FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF SPECIMEN R MENTIONED.
1. BEAK = for picking of grains
2. FEATHER = for flight ,protection and regulation of body temperature .
3. SCALES = It protect the body from bacteria infection .
4. CLAWS. = it is used for food or for capturing of preys .
TYPES OF FEATHERS OF SPECIMEN R
1. Quill feather
2. Convert/contoure feather
3. down feather
4. filoplume feather
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF FEATHER
1. It function as an insulation .
2. For incubation of eggs.
3. For identification of sex
4. For courtship display
5. it gives shape .
DISEASES OF SPECIMEN R
1. Coccidiosis
2. Now castle diseases.
3. Ringworm disease
COMPONENTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF SPECIMEN R
1. ovary
2. infundiblum
3. magnum
4. isthmus
5. interus
6. ****
PROCESS OF EGG FORMATIONS
OVARY :- is the position where eggs(ova ) are produced before they are
moved down to the infundiblum .
INFUNDIBLUM :In the fundiblum fertilization of eggs takes place
MAGNUM :- is the part where albumen and chalaza are formed
ISTHMUS :- is where the two shell membranes are formed and the shape of the egg is also formed in this region.
INTERUS :- is also known as the shell gland and it is where the shell
is formed from calcium carbonate screted by the wall of interus .
VAGIUS :- it is where the egg stayed for some minutes before it is laid
through the cloaca .
BY-PRODUCTS OF SPECIMEN R
1. Feather
2. faeces (dungs )
3. Bones
4. meat
5. blood
PARTS OF ALIMENTARY CANAL OR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF SPECIMEN R AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS.
1. BEAK :- for picking of grains .
2. OESOPHAGUS :- for easy passage of food materials.
3. CROP :- for temporary storage of food material (stuff ).
4. PREVERTRICULUS :- It prevents food in the crop from going out.
5. GIZZARD :- for granding of food (ie. It function as teeth)
6. INTESTINE :- for absorption of food.
SPECIMEN S
Specimen S is a liver of a ruminant animal .
ANIMALS (organisms ) where specimen S can be found are :-
1. Goat
2. Sheep
3. cattle
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN S
1. For formation of red blood cells in foetus .
2. For production of bile
3. for deamination of protein .
4. For regulation of blood sugar.
5. It also help for detoxification of poisonous and toxic substances in
the body .
6. For storage of iron .
DISEASES OF SPECIMEN S
1. Gall stones
2. infective hepatitis
3. cirrhosis of the liver
4. diabetes mellitus
EFFECTS OF DISEASES OF SPECIMEN S
1. Loss of weight
2. general weakness of the body.
3. It leads to inability to digest food properly .
4. It may lead to death
5. it also lead to loss of appetite .
SPECIMEN T
Specimen T is a heart of a ruminant animal.
ORGANISMS (ANIMALS ) WHERE SPECIMEN T CAN BE FOUND ARE :-
1. Goat
2. sheep
3. Cattle
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN T
1. It helps to pump blood round the body of the ruminant animals .
2. It also help in blood circulation .
3. It also help in transportation of materials.
CHAMBERS OF SPECIMEN T
Specimen T is divided into four chambers which are :-
1. Right auricle
2. Left auricle
3. Right vertricle
4. Left. Vertricle
The beat of specimen T occurs in two stages which are :-
.Diastole
.systole
IMPORTANCE OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. It circulates nutrients to the body tissues.
2. It removes waste products from the body tissues.
3. it assists in the distribution of oxygen .
4. It consists of white blood cells which help in combating diseases.
NOTE: PLEASE THIS IS NOT THE EXACT QUESTIONS YOU WILL SEE THAT EXAMINATIONS DAY. IT’s JUST THE SUMMARY OF THE PROVIDED SPECIMEN.
Specimen A. = Clay soil
Specimen B. = Sandy soil
Specimen C. = Millipede
Specimen D. = Cow dung
Specimen E = urea
Specimen F. = N.P.K 15,15,15
Specimen G. = Water
Specimen H. = Spears
Specimen I. = Sickles
specimen J = knapsack sprayer
Specimen K = wheel barrow
specimen. L = Tridax
specimen. M. = Carpet grass
Specimen. N. = Water leaf
Specimen. O. = Sugar cane
Specimen. P. = Sour dust
Specimen. Q. = Round worm
Specimen. R. = Bird
Specimen. S. = Liver of a ruminant animal
specimen. T. = Heart of a ruminant animal
Specimen A :- specimen A is a clay soil because it has all the
properties of a Clay in a sample of soil. PROPERTIES/CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIMEN A
1. It has sticky and mouldy particles when wet.
2. There particles are fone power and smooth when dry.
3. It support water logging.
4. It has high water holding capacity .
5. It is poorly aerated .
6. The particles are tightly bound together with little pure (air) 8
paces.
IMPORTANCE/USES OF SPECIMEN A
1. It is the best soil for establishment of fish ponds.
2. It is also used for moulding of mud pots.
3. It can also be used for other agribusiness activities such as forest
establishment .
4. It is also used for the building of houses.
NOTE:
1. Soil texture is the relative properties of sand,silt and clay
in the soil.
2. Soil structure is the percentage or proportion of different soil
seperated in a given soil sample .
SPECIMEN B
Specimen B is a sandy soil because it has the proportions of sand
particles .
PROPERTIES / XTERS OF SPECIMEN B
1. It is coarse granied and gritty .
2. It does not support water logging .
3. It is not sticky when wet.
4. It absorbs and loses water easily .
5. It contains low nutrients.
METHODS OF IMPROVING SPECIMEN B & A
1. By mulching
2. by planting of cover crops.
3. Avoid bush burning .
4. Application of manure .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN B
1. It is useful in building construction.
2. It is good for the cultivation of few crops such as
cassava,groundnut etc.
3. It is also use for the production of glasses and ceramics.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A & B.
1. They all have soil samples
2. They are used for agricultural purposes .
3. They all consists of soil micro organism.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A & B
Under specimen A
1. It support water logging .
2. It has highly water holding capacity .
3. It is poorly aerated
4. it does not support beaching .
5. It does not lose water easily .
Under specimen B
1. It does not support water logging .
2. It has low water holding capacity .
3. It is well aerated
4. it support beaching
5. it loses water easily .
DETERMINATION OF THE TEXT OF SPECIMEN A & B.
1. By feeling
2. moulding
3. sieving
4. hydrometer method
5. by sedimentation .
COMPONENTS OF SPECIMEN A & B
1. Air
2. Soil micro-organisms
3. water
4. Mineral salts
SPECIMEN C = MILLIPEDE
specimen C is millipede
xters/features of specimen C
1. Possession of body segments.
2. Possession OF jointed legs.
3. Presence of antenna
4. possession of stink gland spores .
*Kingdom of specimen C is Animelia .
*phylum of specimen C is Arthropida .
*class of specimen C is Insecta .
*family of specimen C is diplopoda .
ECONOMIC. IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN C
1. It reduces the market value of food crops such as yam .
2. It is medicinal in nature .
3. It mixed organic matters and the soil together .
4. It is also used for scientific research purposes.
SPECIMEN = D
specimen D is cow dung .
SOURCES OF SPECIMEN D
1. Cattle
2. goat
3. Sheep
4. Pig
5. Birds (fowl )
6. Rabbit
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN. D
1. It returns nutrients to the soil.
2. It also improves soil structure and texture .
3. It prevents soi erosion .
4. It encourages the activities of soil micro-organisms .
5. A source of income .
6. It has buffering effects on the soil.
NOTES:
1. The drugs from poultry is richer than all dungs from other
farm animals followed by the dungs from rabbit .
CHARACTERISTICS / FEATURES OF SPECIMEN D
1. It is a farm yard manure .
2. It consists of macro-nutrients such as nitrogen , phosphorus
,magnesium etc.
3. It is a by-product of farm animals .
4. It enriches the soil.
5. It consists of dead organic matters.
SPECIMEN E
Specimen E is urea fertilizer.
XTERS /FEATURES OF SPECIMEN E
1. It is a single fertilizer .
2. It is a chemical or inorganic fertilizer .
3. It consists of nitrogen .
4. Specimen E is a white crystalline substance with the chemical
formula Co(NH2)2
5. it is highly water soluble .
Other examples of single or straight fertilizers are:
1. Ammonia liquor
2. potassium nitrate
3. sodium nitrate
4. calcium ammonium nitrate
5. aluminum nitrate
6. ammonium sulphate
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN E
1. A source of income
2. It returns nutrients to the soil.
3. It also help to improve soil structure and texture .
4. It also help to improved soil micro-organisms.
SOURCES OF SPECIMEN E
1. From animals urine
2. from animals dungs
3. from ammonia compounds.
SPECIMEN F
specimen F is N.P.K 15,15,15.
XTERS / FEATURES OF SPECIMEN F.
1. It is a compound fertilizer .
2. It consists of nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium .
3. It is a chemical / inorganic fertilizer .
4. It is highly water soluble .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN. F.
1. It is poisonous when eaten.
2. It is a good source of income .
3. It improved the nutrient availability of the soil.
4. They increases soil pH .
5. Specimen F also help to increase crop yield .
Uses of specimen D,E and F in agriculture .
1. They improve the structure of the soil.
2. They also improve soil aeration .
3. They also help to increase the yield of crops .
4. They increase the fertility of the soil.
5. They also increase the activities Of soil organisms .
6. They also increase the growth Of planktons in the fish ponds.
METHODS OF APPLYING SPECIMEN D,E and F.
1. Top dressing
2. by row or side placement
3. by broadcasting
4. by ring method
5. by folial spray
OTHER FORMS OF N.P.K are :
1. N.P.K 20-5-10
2. N.P.K 5-10-5
3. N.P.K 10-2010
NOTES : 1. Specimen F has a ratio of 1:1:1 of
N,meaning equal amount of nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN D,E and F.
„1¤7 They are fertilizers.
„1¤7 They all improves soil fertility.
„1¤7 They consists of Nitrogen
Differences between specimen D and E.
under Specimen D
1. Specimen D is an animal dung .
2. It is obtained from animal feaces
under specimen E
1. Specimen E is urea fertilizer .
2. It is obtained from animal urine .
DIfference between specimen E and F
Under specimen E
1. Specimen E is a urea fertilizer .
2. It is a single fertilizer .
3. It is consists of mainly nitrogen .
under Specimen F
1. specimen F is N.P.K 15-15-15.
2. it is a compound fertilizer .
3. it is consists of nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium .
SPECIMEN G
Specimen G is water and It occupied about two-third of pures spaces.
IMPORTANCE/USES OF SPECIMEN G
1. It serves as food.
2. It is necessary for plant growth and government .
3. It help to sustains life.
4. It also aid for digestion of food substance .
5. It is also used in industries and domestic homes.
6. It also help in photosynthesis in green plants.
7. It also used for irrigation .
SOURCES OF SPECIMEN G
1. Rivers
2. Lakes
3. Ponds
4. Springs
5. Rainfall
6. wells
TYPES OF SOIL WATER
1. Gravitational water
2. surface water
3. Capillary water
4. hydroscopic water
SPECIMEN H
specimen H is shears which is similar in shape to a pair of scissors
but it is much larger than scissors .
USES OF SPECIMEN H
1. It is used for trimming hedges .
2. It is also used for pruning .
3. It can be used for cutting flowers
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN H
1. Store in a cool,dry place .
2. Sharpen the blades property.
3. Keep away from rain to prevent rusting .
4. Clean or wash after use.
XTERS OF SPECIMEN H
1. it has a scissors shape structure .
2. Possession of two short metal blades.
3. Possession of bolt and nut .
4. Possession of two wooden handles.
5. Possession of spring between the handles.
SPECIMEN I
Specimen I is a sickle with a curved blade fitted to a short handle .
Uses of specimen I
1. It is used cutting grass pasture for animals .
2. It is used for harvesting fruits and cereal crops .
3. It is also used for weeding .
MAINTENANCES OF SPECIMEN I
1. Sharpen the inner edge/blade regularly.
2. Store in a cool ,dry place .
3. Oil the metal parts before storage .
4. Keep away from rain to avoid rusting .
XTERS OF SPECIMEN I
1. Possession of curved blade
2. presence of short handle .
3. It consists of metal and wood.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN H AND I
1. Both consists of metals.
2. Both consists of woody handle .
3. They consists of sharp blade .
4. Both are farm tools .
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIMEN H AND I.
under specimen H
1. It is a shears.
2. Possession of pairs of metals.
3. It is a scissors shape in nature
4. it is used for pruning and trimming of plants.
Under specimen I
1. It is a sickle
2. possession of on metal .
3. It is sickle shape in nature
4. it is used for harvesting of fruits and cereals crops
SPECIMEN J
specimen J is a knapsack sprayer .
Other types of sprayers are :-
„1¤7 Tractor -mounted prayer
„1¤7 Helicopter mounted prayer
„1¤7 Hard gun sprayer
„1¤7 motorized sprayer .
USES/FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN J
1. It is used for irrigation
2. It is also used for spraying of liquid fertilizers and pesticides.
3. It is also used to control the growth of weeks through the use of
herbicides .
4. It is also used to control insects through the use of insecticides.
Xters OF specimen J
1. Possession of nozzle.
2. Possession of pump handle .
3. Possession of plastic container.
4. Possession. Of flexible pipe.
5. Presence of extension pipe .
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN J
1. Operate the specimen according to instructions given.
2. Rinse the specimen properly with water immediately after any use to get rid of left-over chemicals.
3. Turn the specimen upside-down after use or cleaning .
4. Clean the nozzle and rinse with water.
5. Store in a cool,dry place .
SPECIMEN K
Specimen K is a wheel-barrow with a large metal or wooden container
with one wheel at the front .
USES/FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN K
1. It is used for carrying farm inputs such as fertilizers etc.
2. It is also used to carry loads to the market .
3. It is also used for transplanting seedlings .
4. It is also used for carrying farm outputs such as harvested
crops,slaughter animals etc
MAINTENANCE OF SPECIMEN K
1. Store in cool ,dry place .
2. Replace worn-out parts.
3. Paint the tool if necessary to avoid rusting .
4. Clean the tool after use.
5. Tighten bolts and nuts on wheels properly .
XTERS OF SPECIMEN K
1. Possession of one front wheel
2. possession of two handles.
3. It is used for carrying loads
4. possession of tyre .
OTHER FARM TOOLS THAT CAN PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION AS
SPECIMEN K ARE :-
1. Head pan
2. Bucket
3. Tractor-mounted container
4. container driven by work animals .
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN J AND K ARE :-
1. Both are used for carrying farm inputs ;such as fertilizers.
2. Both are land operators
3. Both consists of handle .
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN H,I,J AND K ARE :-
1. They have handle
2. they consists of metal parts.
3. They are hard operators.
4. They are farm tools .
SPECIMEN L
Specimen L is tridax which belong to the family of cypsels .
.Botanical/scientific name of specimen L = Tridax precumbem
. method of dispersal = by wind
. method of propagation = by seed (that is sexual propagation).
. Types of fruit of specimen L IS simple dry indehiscent fruit .
OTHER FRUITS THAT CAN BE DISPERSED BY WIND ARE:-
„1¤7 Obeche
„1¤7 emilia
„1¤7 euphatorium
„1¤7 goat weed
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN L
1. Possession of pappus .
2. Presence of hairly pericarp with seed.
3. It is dispersed by wind
4. the fruit has trianglar structure .
5. Possession of hard seed coat.
SPECIMEN M
- specimen M is a carpet grass.
- Botanical name/scientific name of specimen M is Axonopus Compressure .
- Method of dispersal of specimen M is by animals.
- Propagation of M is by vegetative parts (ASEXUAL PROPAGATION).
XTERS OF SPECIMEN M
1. Possession of roots
2. It is a creeping type of grass
3. It is a perennial plant
4. the stem have the tendency to root at the nodes.
5. Possession of nodes .
6. It is very aggressive and not nutritive .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN M.
1. it helps to check erosion .
2. It is also used for decoration of homes.
3. It is mainly planted in the football pitches.
4. It is a good source of income .
SPECIMEN N
Specimen N is water leaf plant .
„1¤7 Kingdom = plantea kingdom
„1¤7 Division = spermatophyts
„1¤7 class = Angiosperm
„1¤7 Botanical name/scientific name is Talinum Triangular .
XTERS/FEATURES /STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION OF SPECIMEN N.
1. Possession of tap root system
2. possession of succulent leaves .
3. Possession of root hairs .
4. Presence of stem
5. presence of nodes and inter-nodes .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN N
1. It serves as food .
2. A good source of income .
3. A good source of victims and minerals .
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN N AND O..
1. Both have nodes.
2. Both are green plants.
3. Both consists of stem and leaves .
4. Both produces flowers .
5. Both have succulent stem.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN N AND O
under Specimen N
1. Presence of tap root system .
2. Broad leaf tip.
3. Possession of petiole ..
4. It is a dicot .
Specimen O
1. Fabros root system present .
2. Pointed leaf tip.
3. Absence of people
4. It is . monocot .
SPECIMEN. P
Specimen p is a saw dust.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN P (EFFECTS OF P)
1. A good source of income
2. it is used in the poultry houses.
3. It is also used in some industries for making of books and other
materials .
4. It also perform the some function as fine wood.
5. It increases the nutrient contents of the soil when decayed .
6. Specimen P habour pesis and diseases.
7. It causes pollution is the environment.
XTERS/FEATURES OF SPECIMEN P
1. It consists of fine particles of wood dust.
2. It is light and can be carried by air.
3. Specimen P is mainly obtained from plants.
„1¤7 Sources of specimen P is all vascular plants .
SPECIMEN Q
Specimen Q is round worm with an elongated and cylindrical body .
XTERS/FEATURES OF SPECIMEN Q
1. It is elongated
2. specimen Q is cylindrical in nature.
3. Possession of two pointed end.
4. It is a hermaphrodite .
5. Possession of mouth and anus.
6. It is an endoparasite .
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN Q
1. It causes indigestion and conscription.
2. The effects results in loss of appappetite ,weakness and may lead to
death .
3. It reduces the growth of host animal.
4. The effect may affect the respiratory organ of the host .
5. It reduces the blood of the host.
Animals affected by specimen Q are :-
1. Sheep
2. Man
3. Cattle
4. pig
5. Goat.
LIFE CYCLE OF SPECIMEN Q
(DRAWING )
CONTROL OF SPECIMEN Q
1. The pig should be dewormed with piperazine drugs.
2. Good sanitation OF environmen should be maintained
3. proper feeding of the farm animal.
4. Disinfectation of animal houses .
5. Proper rotational grazing .
. Kingdom of specimen Q is Animelis
.phylum. = Annalida
. Examples of specimen Q are :- Ascaris ,guinea worm etc
. Botanical/scientific name of ascaris is ASCARIS LUBRICOIDES .
Specimen R is a bird .
. Kingdom = Anemelia
. phylum = cordats
.sub-phylum = vertebrats
. Class = Aves
GENERAL XTERS OF SPECIMEN R
1. Possession of beak
2. Possession of feathers
3. possession of claws
4. possession of scales
5. Absence of teeth in their mouth .
6. Possession of A pair of walking legs.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN R
1. The feather of specimen R can be used for decoration.
2. It can also be used for making pillows.
3. Specimen R reduces the market value of food crops.
4. It is a disease vector .
5. A good source of food and meat.
FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF SPECIMEN R MENTIONED.
1. BEAK = for picking of grains
2. FEATHER = for flight ,protection and regulation of body temperature .
3. SCALES = It protect the body from bacteria infection .
4. CLAWS. = it is used for food or for capturing of preys .
TYPES OF FEATHERS OF SPECIMEN R
1. Quill feather
2. Convert/contoure feather
3. down feather
4. filoplume feather
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF FEATHER
1. It function as an insulation .
2. For incubation of eggs.
3. For identification of sex
4. For courtship display
5. it gives shape .
DISEASES OF SPECIMEN R
1. Coccidiosis
2. Now castle diseases.
3. Ringworm disease
COMPONENTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF SPECIMEN R
1. ovary
2. infundiblum
3. magnum
4. isthmus
5. interus
6. ****
PROCESS OF EGG FORMATIONS
OVARY :- is the position where eggs(ova ) are produced before they are
moved down to the infundiblum .
INFUNDIBLUM :In the fundiblum fertilization of eggs takes place
MAGNUM :- is the part where albumen and chalaza are formed
ISTHMUS :- is where the two shell membranes are formed and the shape of the egg is also formed in this region.
INTERUS :- is also known as the shell gland and it is where the shell
is formed from calcium carbonate screted by the wall of interus .
VAGIUS :- it is where the egg stayed for some minutes before it is laid
through the cloaca .
BY-PRODUCTS OF SPECIMEN R
1. Feather
2. faeces (dungs )
3. Bones
4. meat
5. blood
PARTS OF ALIMENTARY CANAL OR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF SPECIMEN R AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS.
1. BEAK :- for picking of grains .
2. OESOPHAGUS :- for easy passage of food materials.
3. CROP :- for temporary storage of food material (stuff ).
4. PREVERTRICULUS :- It prevents food in the crop from going out.
5. GIZZARD :- for granding of food (ie. It function as teeth)
6. INTESTINE :- for absorption of food.
SPECIMEN S
Specimen S is a liver of a ruminant animal .
ANIMALS (organisms ) where specimen S can be found are :-
1. Goat
2. Sheep
3. cattle
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN S
1. For formation of red blood cells in foetus .
2. For production of bile
3. for deamination of protein .
4. For regulation of blood sugar.
5. It also help for detoxification of poisonous and toxic substances in
the body .
6. For storage of iron .
DISEASES OF SPECIMEN S
1. Gall stones
2. infective hepatitis
3. cirrhosis of the liver
4. diabetes mellitus
EFFECTS OF DISEASES OF SPECIMEN S
1. Loss of weight
2. general weakness of the body.
3. It leads to inability to digest food properly .
4. It may lead to death
5. it also lead to loss of appetite .
SPECIMEN T
Specimen T is a heart of a ruminant animal.
ORGANISMS (ANIMALS ) WHERE SPECIMEN T CAN BE FOUND ARE :-
1. Goat
2. sheep
3. Cattle
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN T
1. It helps to pump blood round the body of the ruminant animals .
2. It also help in blood circulation .
3. It also help in transportation of materials.
CHAMBERS OF SPECIMEN T
Specimen T is divided into four chambers which are :-
1. Right auricle
2. Left auricle
3. Right vertricle
4. Left. Vertricle
The beat of specimen T occurs in two stages which are :-
.Diastole
.systole
IMPORTANCE OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. It circulates nutrients to the body tissues.
2. It removes waste products from the body tissues.
3. it assists in the distribution of oxygen .
4. It consists of white blood cells which help in combating diseases.
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